Water flowing through a plumbing system, if not properly treated, can cause numerous issues.
Here are some of the most common ones:
- Scale and deposits
- Corrosion
- Biological growth
Scale and Deposits
Although tap water is generally potable, it is often rich in limescale—a sedimentary rock primarily composed of a mineral called calcite.
The concentration of limescale in water depends on its journey from mountain springs to household taps and, more specifically, on the type of soil it passes through.
Hard water, which contains high levels of limescale, is responsible for the formation of mineral deposits. These deposits appear as white, chalky substances on coffee machines, kettles, irons, bathroom fixtures, and faucets, especially when exposed to high temperatures.
Beyond being an aesthetic issue, limescale buildup on heating elements in household appliances acts as an insulating layer, reducing heat transfer efficiency and increasing energy consumption.
Corrosion
If laundry appears stained, tap water has a bitter taste, and greenish stains form on bathroom fixtures and faucets, it is likely that the plumbing system is affected by corrosion.
Corrosion is an electrochemical process in which metal transforms into its oxide. It is closely linked to the water’s fluid dynamics, including temperature, velocity, and pressure.
This phenomenon occurs naturally in heating systems because water often contains solid mineral particles, iron flakes, and debris. These materials detach from pipes and are carried by the water flow, creating an abrasive effect that weakens vulnerable areas over time.
Particularly concerning is the presence of chemical substances such as lead and copper, which not only compromise water purity and potability but also contribute to the deterioration of plumbing systems.
Crescita biologica
Nelle caldaie, soprattutto in quelle a condensazione in cui la temperatura di lavoro è inferiore rispetto agli impianti tradizionali, può crearsi l’ambiente ideale per il proliferare di alghe, funghi, muffe, batteri e lieviti.
La crescita biologica di queste forme di vita organica porta alla formazione di limo biologico, il cosiddetto biofilm, che si deposita sulle pareti delle tubazioni e ostacola il passaggio dell’acqua e lo scambio termico.
Incrostazioni, depositi, corrosioni e crescita biologica sono solo alcuni tra i più comuni “nemici” dell’impianto termico, possono influire negativamente sul suo rendimento e su numerosi aspetti ad esso collegati.
Biological Growth
In boilers, especially in condensing models where operating temperatures are lower than in traditional systems, conditions can become ideal for the proliferation of algae, fungi, mold, bacteria, and yeast.
The biological growth of these organic forms leads to the formation of biological sludge, known as biofilm, which accumulates on the inner walls of the pipes. This buildup obstructs water flow and impairs heat exchange efficiency.
Scaling, deposits, corrosion, and biological growth are just a few of the most common "enemies" of thermal systems. They can negatively impact performance and various related aspects, ultimately reducing the system’s efficiency and lifespan.
